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Al-Mustansir Billah
(unicode:Abū Tamīm Ma'add al-Mustanṣir bi-llāh) ((アラビア語:المستنصر)) (July 5, 1029 – January 10, 1094) was the eighth caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate from 1036 until 1094.〔("Al-Mustanṣir" ) ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Retrieved 24 January 2015〕 He was the longest reigning Muslim ruler.〔("Al-Mustanṣir" ) ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Retrieved 31 January 2015〕 He was born in Cairo on 16th Jumada II, 420 AH and at the age of only eight months was declared to succeed his father. His name was Ma'd Abu Tamim, surnamed al-Mustansir bil-Lah "The Asker Of Victory From God". He ascended to the Fatimid Caliphate throne on 15th Shaban, 427/June 13, 1036 at the age of . During the early years of his Caliphate, the state affairs were administered by his mother. His period of Caliphate lasted for 60 years, the longest of all the caliphs, either in Egypt or elsewhere in Islamic states.
==Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi==
Hibatullah ibn Musa Abu Nasr Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi(1000–1078 CE) was an 11th-century Isma'ili scholar, philosopher-poet, preacher and theologian of Persian origin. He served the Fatimid Caliph-Imam Ma'ad al-Mustansir Billah as a ''da‘i'' in varying capacities, eventually attaining the highest rank of ''Bab al-Abwab '' "The Gate of gates" and ''Da‘i ad–Du‘at'' "Chief Missionary" in the Fatimid ''Da‘wah''. In his theological and philosophical writings he brought the Isma'ili spiritual heritage to its pinnacle.〔VERENA KLEMM,"MOʾAYYAD FI’L-DIN ŠIRĀZI" in Encyclopaedia Iranica〕al-Mu'ayyad fi d-Din ash-Shirazi was born in the town of Shiraz, capital of the Fars Province (then Persia, now in modern-day Iran), in the year 1000 CE. His father, Musa ibn Dawud, served under the Fatimid Caliph-Imam al-Hakim bi Amr Allah as the Chief Missionary of the province of Fars, where the Isma'ili mission was active.
Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi gradually worked his way up the hierarchy of the ''da‘wa'' and was eventually appointed Chief Missionary under the Caliph-Imam al-Mustansir Billah. In this position, he worked at the ''Dar al-'Ilm'' "House of Knowledge" teaching missionaries from both inside and outside the Fatimid Empire and composing his theological works until the end of his life in 1078 CE.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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